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Prior to the 1800s, Protestant sects dominated the religious life of New York, although religion did not play as large a role in the public life of colonial-era New Netherland as it did in New England, with its Puritan population.214 Historically, New York served as the foundation for new Christian denominations in the Second Great Awakening. Non-Western Christian traditions and non-Christian religions did not grow for much of the state’s history because immigration was predominantly from Western Europe (favored by the quotas in federal immigration law). The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 removed the quotas, allowing for the growth of other religious groups. The 1797 Montauk Lighthouse, commissioned under President George Washington, is a major tourist attraction in Montauk Point State Park at the easternmost tip of Long Island. Hither Hills State Park, also on Long Island’s South Fork, offers camping and is a popular destination with surfcasting sport fishermen. The Sons of Liberty were organized in New York City during the 1760s, largely in response to the oppressive Stamp Act passed by the British Parliament in 1765.61 The Stamp Act Congress met in the city on October 19 of that year, composed of representatives from across the Thirteen Colonies who set the stage for the Continental Congress to follow.

Water

In addition, there are a national marine sanctuary, four national heritage areas, 27 national natural landmarks, 262 national historic landmarks, and 5,379 listings on the National Register of Historic Places. The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is located in Cooperstown, Otsego County. The National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County, honors achievements in the sport of thoroughbred horse racing. The physical facility of the National Soccer Hall of Fame in Oneonta, also in Otsego County, closed in 2010, although the organization itself has continued inductions. The 1980 Games are known for the USA–USSR ice hockey match dubbed the “Miracle on Ice”, in which a group of American college students and amateurs defeated the heavily favored Soviet national ice hockey team 4–3 and went on to win the gold medal against Finland.

t century

The highest court of appeal in the Unified Court System is the Court of Appeals whereas the primary felony trial court is the County Court (or the Supreme Court in New York City). The New York Supreme Court also acts as the intermediate appellate court for many cases, and the local courts handle a variety of other matters including small claims, traffic ticket cases, and local zoning matters, and are the starting point for all criminal cases. A memorial at the site, the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, was opened to the public on September 11, 2011.

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The southeastern part of the state, known as Downstate, encompasses New York City, the United States’ largest city; Long Island, the nation’s most populous island; and the suburbs and wealthy enclaves of the lower Hudson Valley. These areas are the center of the New York metropolitan area, a large urban area,89 and account for approximately two-thirds of the state’s population. The much larger Upstate area spreads from the Great Lakes to Lake Champlain and includes the Adirondack Mountains and the Catskill Mountains (part of the wider Appalachian Mountains). The east–west Mohawk River Valley bisects the more mountainous regions of Upstate and flows into the north–south Hudson River valley near the state capital of Albany. Western New York, home to the cities of Buffalo and Rochester, is part of the Great Lakes region and borders Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Central New York is anchored by the city of Syracuse; between the central and western parts of the state, New York is dominated by the Finger Lakes, a popular tourist destination.

Native American history

The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) is a joint venture between the states of New York and New Jersey and authorized by the U.S. Congress, established in 1921 through an interstate compact, that oversees much of the regional transportation infrastructure, including bridges, tunnels, airports, and seaports, within the geographical jurisdiction of the Port of New York and New Jersey. This 1,500 sq mi (3,900 km2) port district is generally encompassed within a 25 mi (40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.271 The Port Authority is headquartered at 4 World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan.

• The southeastern part of the state, known as Downstate, encompasses New York City, the United States’ largest city; Long Island, the nation’s most populous island; and the suburbs and wealthy enclaves of the lower Hudson Valley.
• Maritime or shore birds of New York are great blue heron, killdeers, northern cardinals, American herring gulls, and common terns.113 Reptile and amphibian species in land areas of New York include queen snakes, hellbenders, diamondback terrapins, timber rattlesnakes, eastern fence lizards, spotted turtles, and Blanding’s turtles.
• Prior to the 1800s, Protestant sects dominated the religious life of New York, although religion did not play as large a role in the public life of colonial-era New Netherland as it did in New England, with its Puritan population.214 Historically, New York served as the foundation for new Christian denominations in the Second Great Awakening.
• Although the New York Giants and New York Jets represent the New York City metropolitan area and were previously located in New York City, they play in MetLife Stadium, located in East Rutherford, New Jersey.
• Roughly 10% of Christians in New York identify as Evangelical Protestants as of 2014.212 Additionally, the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox collectively comprised 1% of the religious demographic alongside Jehovah’s Witnesses and other Christians; the Orthodox Christians in 2020’s study made up 1% of the population, and Jehovah’s Witnesses grew to 1% of the population as well.

The Stamp Act Congress resulted in the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which was the first written expression by representatives of the Americans of many of the rights and complaints later expressed in the United States Declaration of Independence. At the same time, given strong commercial, personal and sentimental links to Britain, many New York residents were Loyalists. The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga provided the cannon and gunpowder necessary to force a British withdrawal from the siege of Boston in 1775. The Mohawk were also known for refusing white settlement on their land and discriminating against any of their people who converted to Christianity.44 They posed a major threat to the Abenaki and Mohicans, while the Susquehannock briefly conquered the Lenape in the 1600s. The State of New York is well represented in the National Park System with 22 national parks, which received 16,349,381 visitors in 2011.

Long Island alone accounted for a census-estimated 7,838,722 residents in 2015, representing 39.6% of the State of New York’s population.146149150151152 Of the total statewide population, 6.5% of New Yorkers were under five years of age, 24.7% under 18, and 12.9% were 65 or older. As of April 2016, the Democrats represented a plurality of voters in the State of New York, constituting more than going back to rehab twice as many registered voters as any other political party affiliation or lack thereof.292 No Republican presidential candidate has won over New York State since Ronald Reagan’s landslide victory in 1984. New York City, as well as the state’s other major urban locales, are significant Democratic strongholds. Rural portions of upstate New York, however, are generally more conservative than large cities and tend to favor Republicans. Heavily populated suburban areas downstate, such as Westchester County and Long Island, were solidly Republican until the 1990s, but have since shifted to primarily supporting the Democratic Party. New York has one of the oldest and most extensive transportation infrastructures in the country.

Government

Approximately a third of the battles of the American Revolutionary War took place in New York; the first major one and largest of the entire war was the Battle of Long Island, also known as the Battle of Brooklyn, in August 1776. After their victory, the British occupied present-day New York City, making it their military and political base of operations in North America for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the focus of General George Washington’s intelligence network. On the notorious British prison ships of Wallabout Bay, more American combatants died than were killed in combat in every battle of the war combined. The first of two major British armies were captured by the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777,64 a success that influenced France to ally with the revolutionaries; the state constitution was enacted in 1777. New York became the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788. From approximately 1640–1680, the Iroquois peoples waged campaigns which extended from modern-day Michigan to Virginia against Algonquian and Siouan tribes, as well as each other.

Population

In 2007, the state exported a total of $71.1 billion worth of goods, with the five largest foreign export markets being Canada ($15 billion), the United Kingdom ($6 billion), Switzerland ($5.9 billion), Israel ($4.9 billion), and Hong Kong ($3.4 billion). New York’s largest imports are oil, gold, aluminum, natural gas, electricity, rough diamonds, and lumber. The state also has a large manufacturing sector that includes printing and the production of garments, mainly in New York City; and furs, railroad equipment, automobile parts, and bus line vehicles, concentrated in Upstate regions. The United States Census Bureau tabulated in the https://ecosoberhouse.com/ 2020 census that the population of New York was 20,215,751 on April 1, 2020, a 4.3% increase since the 2010 census.5143 Despite the abundance of open land in the state, New York’s population is very urban, with 92% of residents living in an urban area,144 predominantly in the New York City metropolitan area.